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托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分
网上收集 2007/12/5 19:46:31 (375)
五、句子的结构
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。

(一) 主语的重复
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any
          A      B     
  compromises concerning the establishment of the
          C          D
  League of Nations.
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson

例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are
        A        B 
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.
    C         D
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复

(二)谓语的重复
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of 
    A            B   
  one or more sentences related to the same idea.
         C   D
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。

(三)谓语的缺少
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body
          A     B   
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.
         C               D
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。

(四)主句的重复
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接

例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite
      A         B        C  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.
     D
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow
        A   B      
  sweeps across the face of the Earth.
      C    D
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided
   A                     B 
  names for towns, only George Washington
      C
  is remembered in the name of a state.
          D
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。
六、比较级和最高级
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个

(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which
      A              
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom.
     B       C           D
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复

(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses.
     A      B     C  D
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere
     A       B     C   D
  is the grizzly bear.
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。

(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with
   A           B 
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can.
   C                 D
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。

(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as

(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系

①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词
the taller boy

②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed
          A            B
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is
  abundant, and humidity is moderate.
    C          D
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they

③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States,
  A  B         C    
  the Navajos form largest group.
         D
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能,
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many
            A      B         C
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans.
            D
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the
例如:my best friends
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial
            A    B     C
  and banking center.
        D
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。

例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary
                 A        
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers.
    B   C     D
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语七、平行结构
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构

(一) 对等连接词
一共有三类连接平行结构的词
单一式: and, or ,but
相关式: both…and, not … but,
     either …or, neither…nor
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and,
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well,
短语式: as well as
     rather than (而不是)
     other than (除…之外)
     instead of (代替)
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, 
       A     B  
  but he is now living in Detroit.
       C   D
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics
       A         B
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford
  remained active in city and regional planning.
          C    D 
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半

(二)平行的内容

第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of
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