THESE HAVE BEEN THE ,BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation’s top universities-and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market, school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be changing.
Williams College, a prestigious liberal arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3%-the smallest hike in 30 years.
These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the whopping tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their endowments to control price hikes. Since 1980, college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation, while the median income of families with college-age children has increased only 12%. Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years-but still more than twice the rate of inflation. "Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb. gorilla facing colleges and universities," says Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education in Washington.
Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1.1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them. "If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need?" asks Princeton president Harold Shapiro. "No, because their tuition is fully covered." The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed-and even squeezed out.
One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its $3 billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores, juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. Another reason for restraint is concern that public outrage will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a $31 billion package to make higher education more affordable. Now if only someone could do something about campus parking.
1.We learn from the beginning of the passage that college tuition _______________.
[A] has become a heavy burden on many middle income families with college-age children
[B] has ballooned due to a robust stock market
[C] has brought more endowments to the top universities
[D] has increased relatively slowly in the past few years
2.Speaking of college cost, the author implies that ___________________.
[A] it is a big challenge facing colleges and universities
[B] it has increased twice as much as the median income of families in the past 2 decades
[C] changes are taking place as schools are looking for sources to control it
[D] it will not stop increasing until parents are unaffordable
3.In the view of Harold Shapiro, __________________________.
[A] it’s unnecessary to control tuition increases because even needy students can pay their tuition
[B] students in need can not benefit much from the efforts of keeping tuition constant
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[C] schools should provide more scholarships to students instead of cutting down tuition
[D] using endowments to freeze tuition will only add to student’ economic burden
4.The phrase “800-lb gorilla” (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.
[A] big, heavy animal
[B] urgent issue
[C] tough problem
[D] unwanted situation
5.We learn from the last paragraph that _______________.
[A] tuition in Rice University has dropped
[B] government will take measures to punish schools that allow their tuition to increase steeply
[C] the public will urge government to tackle tuition increase if schools can not handle it
[D] there will be more middle-income students on college campus if tuition can be curbed
答案：A C B C D
篇章剖析：
本篇文章围绕高校采取措施抑制学费增长的问题进行了分析。第一段介绍了高校学费高昂的事实。第二段以威廉姆斯学院和普林斯顿大学为例，说明高校正在采取措施抑制学费增长。第三段介绍了1980年以来高校学费增长的幅度，第四段介绍了一些高校平抑学费的措施以及引起的质疑，最后一段分析了高校平抑学费的原因。
词汇注释：
robust: [rE5bQst] adj. 健康和有力的；精力充沛的
endowment: [in5daumEnt] n. 资助，捐赠
balloon: [bE5lu:n] v. 激增，飞涨迅速增长或上升
hike: [haik] n. 突然的或急剧的上升、上涨、增加
restraint: [ris5treint] n. 抑制, 制止
turnaround: [`t\:nE9raJnd] n. 转变, 转向, (经济, 营业等的)突然好转
whopping: [5(h)wCpiN] adj. 巨大的, 庞大的
median: [5mi:djEn] adj. 中间的，位于中间的
gorilla: [^E5rilE] n. 大猩猩
alumni: [E5lQmni] n. 校友
vulnerable:[5vQlnErEb(E)l] adj. 易受伤害的；易受影响的
boost: [bu:st] v. 增进；改善
pool: [pu:l]] n. 集中备用的物资（如钱、 物、工人等）
swell: [swel] v. 增加，增大
equate: [i5kweit] v. （常与to, with连用）使相等
autopilot: [5C:tEpailEt] v. 自动驾驶仪; 自动操舵装置
squeeze: [skwi:z] v. 压榨, 挤, 挤榨
curb: [kE:b] v. 抑制；控制
outrage: [5autreidV] n. 愤慨；（由暴力或冒犯而引起的）愤怒
prompt: [prCmpt] v. 鼓动, 促使
package: [5pAkidV] n. 建议，提议
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